Yesterday, the Securities and Exchange Commission rescinded its so-called “gag rule,” which for fifty years had prohibited a settling defendant from publicly denying the allegations in a settled SEC Enforcement action.[1] The policy shift has received significant media attention, but we believe it will have little effect on the experience of most individuals and entities facing SEC investigation, many of whom are keen to resolve an investigation and move on without drawing additional attention to themselves. But the change does create potential pitfalls for those trying to resolve SEC investigations, and heightens the need to think strategically when negotiating resolutions and pursuing public denials of wrongdoing. We have investigated, settled, and litigated numerous SEC enforcement investigations, both on behalf of the agency and in private practice. Outlined below are some of the potential knock-on effects we see from this policy change.
Continue Reading Deny With Care: SEC Rescinds Settlement “Gag Rule,” Creating Risks and Opportunities for Settling Defendants
New SEC Enforcement Director David Woodcock Outlines Enforcement Priorities, Including Focus on Financial Reporting and Private Funds
In his first public remarks, delivered just days into his tenure, SEC Enforcement Division Director David Woodcock announced that he will “provide hands-on leadership” to make sure SEC Enforcement investigators “focus on the fundamentals,” which he defined as “protecting investors and safeguarding markets from real harm.”[1] In announcing his “back-to-basics” approach, Woodcock gave top billing not just to traditional scams, but also to cases involving financial reporting and private funds and investment advisers. Woodcock’s remarks and his prior tenure at the SEC—and our own work on recent and ongoing SEC investigations and resolutions—indicate that the agency will continue to pursue these often complex cases even when they do not find or charge fraud, perhaps to the surprise of commentators who prematurely announced the demise of SEC Enforcement.
Continue Reading New SEC Enforcement Director David Woodcock Outlines Enforcement Priorities, Including Focus on Financial Reporting and Private FundsEnforcers Target Fund Valuation Practices
Fund valuation practices have been a recent focus of the SEC and, increasingly, federal prosecutors. Two enforcement actions settled in recent weeks make clear that the SEC is actively pursuing a broad array of valuation-related cases, from the use of allegedly inadequate methodologies to audit failures. In addition, private credit fund valuations are under pressures as lenders and other market participants have begun to mark down collateral values even where the funds have yet to do so themselves. Based on recent statements by senior SEC and DOJ leadership, and in view of recent headlines citing private credit risk, we expect more cases will follow.
Continue Reading Enforcers Target Fund Valuation PracticesThe Shifting SEC Enforcement Landscape: 2025 Year-in-Review
The following is part of our annual publication Selected Issues for Boards of Directors in 2026. Explore all topics or download the PDF.
Fiscal year 2025 was a year of extremes in terms of the number of enforcement actions brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 (October through December 2024), the SEC reported a record-breaking number of enforcement actions.[1] However, for the remainder of the fiscal year, the SEC’s enforcement numbers significantly declined. Despite the reduction in enforcement actions seen in the second half of the year, there are early indications that enforcement under the second Trump administration is not disappearing but instead shifting focus. Public companies should expect continued SEC enforcement focused on fraud and harm to investors, and should remain mindful of the SEC Enforcement Division’s emphasis on voluntary report and cooperation.
Continue Reading The Shifting SEC Enforcement Landscape: 2025 Year-in-ReviewConsumer Protection Compliance Remains Crucial in Spite of CFPB Work Stoppage
For more insights and analysis from Cleary lawyers on policy and regulatory developments from a legal perspective, visit What to Expect From a Second Trump Administration.
The new administration has recently taken steps to reduce or even eliminate the role of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in the supervision of certain financial institutions and the enforcement of federal consumer protection statutes. While these actions represent a significant departure from the prior administration’s approach to consumer protection, and while a less active CFPB will likely reduce the federal regulatory burden on entities that have been subject to CFPB supervision, consumer financial protection enforcement is not likely to disappear. Instead, it will likely shift to state attorneys general (AG), which had already been active, along with the CFPB, in consumer protection. This means entities that provide products or services in the consumer finance space will need to continue to be attentive to federal consumer protection statutes (such as the Consumer Financial Protection Act) that can be enforced by states, to state consumer protection statutes, and to state AG inquiries.
Continue Reading Consumer Protection Compliance Remains Crucial in Spite of CFPB Work StoppageAn Active Year in Enforcement, with Changes to Come
The following is part of our annual publication Selected Issues for Boards of Directors in 2025. Explore all topics or download the PDF.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) both had active enforcement years in 2024. The SEC’s aggressive focus on crypto enforcement continued, resulting in the filing and continued litigation of several cases in federal courts nationwide. The DOJ announced a number of policy updates in 2024, including guidance related to voluntary disclosures and corporate enforcement, and remained active in the foreign corruption and national security spaces. Finally, both the SEC and DOJ have increased their focus on AI and new technologies, showing increasing concern about the risks associated with AI, with the DOJ issuing guidance on AI in compliance programs and the SEC bringing cases related to misleading marketing about the use of AI in investment strategies. As noted more fully below, with the incoming Trump Administration, enforcement priorities at both SEC and DOJ are expected to shift. The SEC is expected to have a renewed focus on traditional enforcement areas, such as accounting fraud, misrepresentations in securities offerings and insider trading, with significant reductions in enforcement activity related to crypto, cyber incidents and ESG issues. The DOJ is likely to continue its focus on FCPA and national security (including sanctions and export controls), while devoting increasing resources to immigration and violent crime. Additionally, the benefits of cooperation are likely to increase at both the SEC and DOJ, with the potential for reduced penalties for companies able to effectively demonstrate their cooperation and self-remediation.
Continue Reading An Active Year in Enforcement, with Changes to ComeSEC FY 2024 Enforcement Results: Record Dollars But Many Fewer Cases
On November 22, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced its enforcement results for the 2024 fiscal year with a record $8.2 billion in financial remedies.[1] At the same time, a few cases and sweeps comprised the vast bulk of that amount, and the number of cases brought dropped by 26%. In a press release announcing the results, Acting Enforcement Director Sanjay Wadhwa touted the agency’s “high impact enforcement actions” and noted “stepped up efforts” by market participants to self-report their own potential wrongdoing, cooperate in SEC investigations, and remediate any shortcomings. Chair Gary Gensler, who recently announced he will step down at the start of the next Trump presidency, described the Enforcement Division as a “steadfast cop on the beat.” Set forth below are key highlights on enforcement trends from the past year, as well as predictions for what the next year may hold under a new administration.
Continue Reading SEC FY 2024 Enforcement Results: Record Dollars But Many Fewer CasesTrio of SEC Enforcement Actions Underscores Importance of Internal Controls, Including in M&A Context
In the past few weeks, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has announced three settled enforcement actions alleging violations of the internal controls provisions of the federal securities laws. The cases are notable less for the SEC penalties involved—which ranged from no penalty to $400,000—but rather for the other, more dire consequences the companies experienced as a result of internal controls failures, such as financial restatements, delayed SEC filings that led to an exchange delisting, and serious employee misconduct that went unchecked. The cases underscore the importance of establishing and maintaining effective systems of internal control over financial reporting.
Continue Reading Trio of SEC Enforcement Actions Underscores Importance of Internal Controls, Including in M&A Context2023 Year-in-Review: Developments and Trends in White Collar Enforcement Litigation
The following post was originally included as part of our recently published memorandum “Selected Issues for Boards of Directors in 2024”.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) both accelerated their enforcement efforts in 2023, and seem poised to further intensify these efforts in 2024. At the same time, the SEC disseminated new disclosure requirements across sectors, including disclosures related to cybersecurity and artificial intelligence (AI), and renewed its focus on the corporate and social aspects of environmental, social and governance (ESG) guidance. Its Enforcement Division remained focused on litigating high-stakes cases in the digital assets space and expanded its sweep related to off-channel communications.
Continue Reading 2023 Year-in-Review: Developments and Trends in White Collar Enforcement LitigationSEC Announces FY 2023 Enforcement Results with Second-Highest Penalties on Record
On November 14, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced its enforcement results for the 2023 fiscal year,[1] with case numbers up from fiscal year 2022 and monetary sanctions at the second highest level in the agency’s history, though down significantly from last year’s record highs. In a press release announcing the results, Enforcement Director Gurbir Grewal noted that the past year’s cases demonstrate how the agency “work[s] with a sense of urgency, using all the tools in our toolkit.” This post evaluates how the SEC used its enforcement tools in the past year and surveys the enforcement highlights in key substantive areas.
Continue Reading SEC Announces FY 2023 Enforcement Results with Second-Highest Penalties on Record